母乳喂养与儿童哮喘的关系

Correlation between breast-feeding and childhood asthma

目的研究母乳喂养对儿童哮喘的影响。方法对6个月到4岁的164例哮喘儿童和1763名非哮喘儿童进行问卷调查,收集母乳喂养情况,并分析母乳喂养与儿童哮喘的关系。结果 1927名儿童中母乳喂养〈4月组的儿童有818例（42.4%）,母乳喂养≥4月组的儿童有1109例（57.6%）。母乳喂养≥4月组的儿童哮喘发生率显著低于母乳喂养〈4月组（χ2=6.456,P=0.011）,同时母乳喂养可以降低儿童发生哮喘的危险（OR=1.512;95%CI：1.097-2.083）。进一步分析发现：年龄〈3岁组、女性儿童组、孕周≥37周组、体重〈2500 g组、出生时母亲年龄≥30岁组以及父母亲没有过敏史组的儿童母乳喂养≥4月组的哮喘发生率均明显低于母乳喂养〈4月组（P〈0.05）,其他各组的儿童哮喘发生率差异均没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论母乳喂养可能减少感染和特应性变态反应,因此可以明显降低儿童的哮喘发生率。

Objective To investigate the effects of breast-feeding on childhood asthma.Methods 164 children with asthma and 1763 children without asthma in 6 months to 4 years of age were investigated by questionnaire.The data of breast-feeding was collected,and analyzed the correlation between breast-feeding and childhood asthma.Results There were 818（42.4%） children in breast-feeding 4 months group and 1109（57.6%） children in breast-feeding ≥4 months group among 1927 children.The incidence of childhood asthma in breast-feeding ≥4 months group was lower than that in breast-feeding 4 months group（χ2=6.456,P=0.011）,and breast-feeding could reduce the risk of childhood asthma（OR=1.512;95% CI：1.097~2.083）.Further analysis showed that children in age〈3 years,female children,gestational age≥37 weeks,weight 〈2500 g,mother＇s age≥30 years or parents without allergic history group had lower incidence of asthma by breast-feeding ≥4months than that by breast-feeding 4 months（P〈0.05）,and the incidence of childhood asthma in other groups had no significant differences（P〉0.05）.Conclusions Breast-feeding maybe reduce infection and atopic allergy,so it can obviously decrease the incidence of childhood asthma.