上海豫园主要植物群落的种间关系研究

Disposition Characters and Association of Tree Species in Classical Gardens in Yuyuan of Shanghai

以上海豫园的主要园林植物群落为研究对象,将植物群落类型划分为3种:以建筑景观为主的植物群落;沿湖面水系的湿地植物群落;依附山石景观的陆地植物群落。同时应用植被生态学的调查方法调查树种配置,统计生长指数和种间联结关系。结果表明,出现在豫园内的主要群植园林植物以乡土树种为主,有32个种;整体健康状况较好,一级占到总株数的87﹪;园林群落中成显著正联结关系的种对包括木瓜-石榴、垂丝海棠-旱柳、云南黄馨-枇杷、紫叶李-腊梅、圆柏-腊梅、云南黄馨-垂丝海棠等10对,负联结较显著的种对主要有圆柏-云南黄馨、罗汉松-木瓜、榉树-石榴、榉树-云南黄馨、樟叶槭-紫薇。此研究结果可为园林植物的优化配置、建设人与自然和谐共生的生态型园林城市提供生态学依据。

The Yuyuan classical gardens in Shanghai city were selected as study cases in the paper,plant communities were classified as 3 site categories: plant communities of the small yard with constriction;marsh plant communities along the main circuit of lake surface;terrestrial plant communities along the rockery landscape.The sample method of Vegetation ecological was employed in the paper to investigate species composition and tree health index and species association was accounted as well.The results showed that there were 32 woody species reported in samples,the main plant communities were based on the principle of indigenous tree species;health situation for total trees could be evaluated as good,Grade I of the totality is 87%;10 species pairs showed a significant positive correlation,such as chaenomeles sinesis-Punica granatum、Malus halliana-Salix matsudana、Jasminum mesnyi-Eriobotrya japonica、Prunus cerasifera-Chimonanthus praecox、Sabina chinensis-Chimonanthus praecox、Jasminum mesnyi-Malus halliana,But another 5 species pairs showed negative correlation,such as Sabina chinensis-Jasminum mesnyi、Podocarpus macrophyllus-chaenomeles sinesis、Zelkova schneideriana-Punica granatum、Zelkova schneideriana-Jasminum mesnyi、Acer cinnamomifolium-Lagerstroemia indica.This conclusion provides an ecological understanding for planting design and ecological city between humanity and nature in harmony.