我国城市公交服务治理模式与运营效率研究——以长三角城市群公交服务为例

Research on the Governance Mode and Operation Efficiency of Urban Bus Service——A Case Study of Yangtze Delta Region

城市公交服务运营效率评价是政府选择治理模式的前提与依据,而明晰运营效率与其影响因素间的关系则是政府深化公交治理模式的理论依据。在比较政府经营模式和市场主导模式差异及探讨效率影响因素的基础上,以长三角城市群公交服务为研究样本,应用DEA方法测算城市间服务效率的差异,发现市场主导模式效率要优于政府经营模式,但各自的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率均值都不高。为剖析造成这种现象的原因,对公交服务效率的影响因素进行Tobit回归,结果表明市场竞争、企业规模与运营效率显著正相关,且市场竞争与运营效率间存在"倒U型"关系。因此,我国城市公交服务的改革应坚持市场化为导向,引入民营资本构建公有有限公司形式的国有民营模式,扩大企业规模和充分利用竞争手段,以提高企业运营效率。

The evaluation of the operation efficiency of bus service is the basis for government to choose its governance mode,and the relationship between operation efficiency and its influencing factors helps government do the advanced research on governance mode.Based on the comparison between authority initiative and market initiative modes and the analysis of their influencing factors,this paper takes the bus service in Yangtze Delta Region as an example and then uses DEA method to evaluate its service efficiency.It finds out that the efficiency of market initiative mode is higher than that of authority initiative mode,but the means of efficiencies of both two modes are low.In order to analyze the reasons,this paper constructs Tobit regression with some influencing factors,and the results show that improving market competition and increasing enterprise scale could perfect operation efficiency.Moreover,there is an 'inverted U' relationship between competition and efficiency.Therefore,the reform of public bus transportation in urban areas needs to be market-oriented and to construct a state-owned & private-running mode,ensuring market competition environment and scale economy to improve the operation efficiency of public bus transportation.