中西方意识流小说差异之文化溯源

Cultural Origins of Difference Between Chinese and Western Stream of Consciousness Fiction

意识流小说在中国的接受经历了漫长的过程,在中国本土文化的作用下,意识流小说在很多方面发生了变异。由于小说的起源和读者群的原因,中国小说具有重视情节的传统,中国作家在借鉴意识流技巧的时候并没有完全抛弃这一传统,这就使中国的意识流小说表现出更强的情节性。心理学发展的相对滞后使中国作家对意识流的实质缺乏准确的把握,很难像西方意识流小说那样聚焦于人物的无意识或潜意识,进行纯意识的描写。受传统文化中实用理性精神的制约,中国意识流小说中人物意识的流动表现出更强的理性,意识活动受理性的主导。对文学社会功能的强调使中国意识流小说极少表现人的颓废、沮丧或变态心理,相反,塑造健康的灵魂、营造积极向上的社会态度是中国意识流小说追求的目标。

There is a long history of the acceptance of stream of consciousness fiction in China and it is not at all plain ＂transplantation.＂ On the contrary,in the process of its orientalization and under the force of Chinese native culture,stream of consciousness fiction varies in many aspects.Due to the evolvement and the readers＇ group,Chinese novels are traditionally plot-stressed.Strongly affected by this tradition,the stream of consciousness fictions created by Chinese writers are more plotted.The backwardness of psychics decides the untruthful understanding of stream of consciousness by Chinese writers,which makes it difficult for them to focus on the presentation of preconsciousness and subconsciousness.Restricted by the practical spirit in Chinese traditional culture,the characters＇ stream of consciousness in Chinese stream of consciousness fictions is more governed by rationality.The emphasis on social function of literature makes it rare for Chinese stream of consciousness fictions to display man＇s decadence,depression or abnormality.On the contrary,shaping healthy psyche and constructing positive social attitude are the aims of Chinese stream of consciousness fictions.