浅谈移民的文化适应——以新疆南疆汉族移民为例

Cultural Adaptation: A Case Study of Han Immigrants in Southern Xinjiang

本文选取新疆南疆园艺村和阔纳协海尔村作为田野调查个案,通过对村落中汉族移民在生计方式、语言、风俗习惯、房屋建筑风格等文化要素变迁及其特点的考察,探讨了移民区域在移民文化适应过程中所形成的一种类型——多元文化格局,及移民在文化适应过程中的内外层次差别。最终认为,移民的外在文化特质的适应相对较快,但内在的深层次的文化特质的适应肯定要滞后于外在适应,甚至停滞不前。但是,深层次的文化调适是移民与迁入社会和谐发展所不可或缺的。

The purpose of this ethnographical case study was to investigate the formation of a diversified immigrant culture in the host community and the different processes of external and internal acculturation. Two villages in southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, namely Yuanyi and Kuonaxiehaier, were observed in terms of the adjustments the Han immigrants had made in ways of livelihood, language use, customs, and architectural style. The findings indicate that immigrants adapt to the external, surface structures of the host culture at a significantly higher speed than to the internal, deep structures. It is concluded that it a bottleneck is inevitable in the process of immigrant acculturation resulting in delayed deep structure adaptation or, even worse, in a period of stagnation of the process. Measures aimed at address this problem must be taken to ensure harmony between the immigrants and the natives.