危险化学品泄漏扩散模型的研究现状分析与比较

Comparison and Analysis on the Research Situation of Release and Dispersion Models of Hazardous Chemicals at Home and Abroad

为了对危险化学品港口装卸过程中泄漏危险度进行量化评定,基于泄漏扩散模型提高港口的应急处理技术,对危险化学品泄漏扩散模型的研究现状从理论研究、试验研究、应用研究3方面进行深入分析。着重对高斯模型(Gaussian model),BM模型,Sutton模型,FEM3模型,箱及相似模型,P-G模型等模型从理论描述方法、适用对象和范围、计算精度和难易、参数选取等方面进行优缺点的对比研究,认为:由于危险化学品泄漏和扩散行为的复杂性,影响因素的多样性,使各类模型在具备一定的理论价值和现实意义的同时,还存在着参数选取不确定性、试验模拟差异性以及实际应用局限性的问题和不足,运用计算机技术完善试验结果数据库、改进数学仿真模型是其进一步研究发展的趋势。

For assessing the release risk of the chemicals and improving the corporate emergency response abilities of the chemical ports,the article reviewed the release and dispersion models.Based on the characteristics and accident hazard of release and dispersion,this article gave an in-depth analysis on study actualities of release and dispersion model of hazardous chemicals at home and abroad,and elaborated these models from three aspects,which were the theoretical analysis,experimental research and the practical application.It also introduced and compared the models,listed the advantages and disadvantages of several models,for example,Gaussian model,BM model,Sutton model,FEM3 model,Boxes and Similar model and P-G models.The sensor,microelectronic technique or digital transmission technology could help to reduce disturbing from these elements such as environments,which were always complicated,random and uncertain.The computer techniques could help to perfect databases and improve simulation models,which was a trend on the study of the chemicals leakage and diffusion.