大型蚤在线生物监测系统研究

Review of Online Biological Monitoring Systems with the Use of Daphnia Magna

近年来,世界范围内突发性废水泄漏事件频发,在引起人们对水质问题恐慌的同时,也促进了饮用水在线监测与早期污染预警系统的发展。生物监测可以对污染环境下多污染物的联合毒性进行有效评估,具有传统化学监测所不具备的优点,已成为判定水质是否对水生生物存在影响、是否符合人类安全饮用的有效依据和手段。介绍了大型蚤在线生物监测系统的多通道流通生物测试室和生物传感器系统,并对世界范围内的研究与应用情况做了研究综述。目前,采用大型蚤作为指示生物的在线监测系统已在饮用水水质监测方面成功实现,但其在工业废水接管过程中毒性评估和早期预警的研究和应用上尚有不足,有待更加深入地探讨与研究。

In recent years,the emergencies of leakage waste water into the environment took place all over the world frequently and it not only arose more and more panicky people to concern the water pollution problem but also improved the development of the online monitoring methods and the biota early warning system（BEWS）.BEWS can evaluate the toxicity of simplex compound on the aquatic organisms,and also be used in the evaluation of the actual pollution environment which contains a lot of complex compounds.Comparing with the chemical methods that mainly focused on the detection of physiochemical index,BEWS has more advantages and now it has become the available method in estimating whether water quality toxic to aquatic organisms or match the standards of drinking water.In this paper,the BEWS with the use of Daphnia was presented,and mechanisms of the systems units which included multi-channels biological testing cells and the biosensor systems were also demonstrated.Application of these systems in drinking water quality monitoring was already realized.But it still needed further study of its development in industrial wastewater toxicity identification.