沙漠绿洲的开发与环境变化的相互影响

Mutual influence between the exploitation of desert oases and the environmental change

干旱区的农业活动、特别是沙漠绿洲的开发，改变了地—气系统的能量交换。几年来的沙漠绿洲气候与防风林的研究、气候资料的分析和实地考察表明，中国西部干旱区最近４３ 年来的沙漠绿洲开发已改变着那里的局地气候环境， 使其向有利于人类和农业的方向发展着。在沙漠绿洲的开发利用与局地环境变化之间， 存在着两种截然相反的反馈作用： 环境变好→绿洲发展→环境更好→绿洲再发展；环境恶化→绿洲退化→环境更坏→绿洲再退化，甚至消失。决定这两种反馈作用的是大环境的变迁和绿洲开发利用中是否合理利用资源和按自然规律办事。

Agricultural activities in arid zones,especially the exploitation of desert oases,have changed the energy exchange of the earth atmospheric system.Recent researches about climate of desert oases and breakwind,analysis of the climate data and the fieldwork indicated that the exploitation of desert oases in arid zones of western China in the recent 43 years have changed the local climatic environment,and made it developing in favor of human and agriculture.There are two kinds of feedback effects that are poles apart between the exploitation of desert oases and the change of local environment:environment getting well→development of oases→environment getting better→redevelopment of oases;environmental deterioration→degradation of oases→environment getting even worse→re degradation of oases,even disappearing.The change of macro environment and whether resources are rationally utilized or the laws of nature followed determine the function of the two kinds of feedback effects.