安徽史前孙家城和黄家堰等遗址出土玉器的无损科技研究

Non-destructively Scientific Research on the Prehistoric Jades Unearthed from the Sunjiacheng and Huangjiayan Site of Anhui Province

孙家城和黄家堰等遗址是安徽史前文化的重要遗址,针对这些遗址出土的玉器,从材质无损鉴别的方法、化学成分、加工微痕迹以及受沁情况等方面进行了分析.结果显示采用785 nm激发光源的拉曼光谱可以有效克服荧光背景,结合632.8 nm激发光源可以很好地应用于古代玉器的无损材质鉴别;采用Gbel Mirror的X射线衍射技术可以增强信噪比,消除峰位漂移,从而能更好地应用于古代玉器的无损材质鉴别;外束PIXE主量元素成分数据有助于无损鉴别材质,外束PIXE微量元素成分数据有助于无损揭示古玉器尤其是透闪石玉的产地信息;加工微痕迹的观察有助于解读史前玉器的加工工艺;受沁情况分析显示白化是最主要的风化现象,其原因系结构变得疏松,而非物相变化.

Huangjiayan and Sunjiacheng site are the important prehistoric sites located in Anhui province, it makes the non-destructively scientific research on the unearthed jades from the non-destrutive method of phase identification, chemical composition and content, micro carving marks survived on the surface of jades and weathering situation. The results show that Raman spectroscopy with 785 nm excitation light source can overcome the fluorescence background, and be applied to non-destrucitve material identification of ancient jade combined with 632. 8 nm~ XRD with Gobel Mirror can enhance the signal to noise ration and eliminate peak shift so that it can be better applied to non-destrucitve material identification of ancient jade; PINE data of major elements can help to identifieate the material of ancient jade, and that of trace elements can help to reveal the information of provenance of tremolite jade. The observation of carving marks can help to interpret the carving processing of prehistoric jade. Discussing of weathered jades that color had become white displays it is due to the structure becoming loose rather than the phase change.