安徽省淮南市居民脑卒中471例发病危险因素分析

Analysis of the risk factors of 471 patients with stroke in Huainan area

目的评价淮南市脑卒中患者发病危险因素的构成情况。方法选择连续登记住院的淮南市居民脑卒中患者471例，其中缺血性脑卒中362例，出血性脑卒中109例，对已知危险因素进行统计学分析。结果在所有脑卒中患者中，高血压的患病率占首位（缺血性脑卒中为69．3％、出血性脑卒中为77．9％），是各类脑卒中最重要的危险因素。不同性别脑卒中患者危险因素构成情况有所不同，男性患者吸烟、饮酒问题较女性患者更突出（分别为51．1％、33．2％和5．1％、2．0％），差异均有统计学意义（X^2=111．81、67．62，均P〈0．01）。糖尿病、心脏疾病、房颤的患病率在女性患者较男性患者更高（分别为37．6％、31．9％、19．3％和22．3％、20．4％、8．8％），差异均有统计学意义（X^2=13．12、8．09、11．12，均P〈0．01）。高血压、糖尿病患者规律服药仅占40．8％、47．4％。房颤在出血性脑卒中患者中更多见。结论控制血压、血糖仍是本地区脑卒中一级预防和二级预防的重点工作，对不同性别的人群应有针对性地进行个体化健康教育，重视提倡健康的生活方式，从而有效的预防脑卒中的发生。

Objective To explore the composition situation of the risk factors of patients with stroke in Huainan area. Methods 471 continuous registration and hospitalized patiems with stroke in Huainan were selected, of which ,362 cases were ischemic stroke, 109 cases were hemorrhagic stroke, and the known risk factors were statistically analyzed. Results Of all patients, the incidence of hypertension was first （69.3% was in ischemic stroke, 77.9% was in hemorrhagic stroke） ,and hypertension was the most important risk factors. The composition of risk factors in stroke patients of different gender were different, and the smoking, drinking problem was more prominent in male patients （51.1% ,33.2% respectively） than that in female patients（5.1% ,2.0% respectively） （ X^2 = 111.81,67.62, all P 〈 0.01 ） ; The incidence of diabetes, heart disease, atrial fibrillation was higher in female patients （ 37.6%, 31. 9%, 19.3 % respectively ） than that in male patients （ 22.3% ,20.4%, 8.8% respectively） （ X^2 = 13.12,8.09,11. 12,all P 〈0.01 ）. Hypertension,diabetes accounted for only 40.8% and 47.4% of patients taking regular medication. Atrial fibrillation was more common in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar was still important in the primary prevention and secondary prevention of stroke in the region. People of different gender should be targeted for individual health education, and promoting a healthy lifestyle should be paid attention, so as to the occurrence of stroke could be effectively prevented.