吐谷浑王都伏俟城选址议——兼谈游牧民族建都选址的观念

A Discussion on the Selection of the Site of Fusi(伏俟城)as the Capital of Tuyuhun(吐谷浑):A Concurrent Discussion on the Geographical Concept of Nomad on the Selection of the Site of the Capital

吐谷浑政权后期以青海湖西南岸的伏俟城为王都,与当时的政治、经济、军事形势的变化有一定关系,通过对自然地理、地缘政治、交通路线、区域经济、军事地理等几个建都选址的要素分析后发现,各项历史地理因素在吐谷浑设置王城的过程中所起的作用与农耕民族建都选址所遵行的原则多有不同,很大程度上是取了城的形式,实质上仍以游牧民族的自身社会生活特征为主导,反映出游牧民族建都选址的规律与特征。

In the late period of the regime of Tuyuhun（A-zha or Togon in Tibetan）,the site of Fusi which was on the southwest coast of Qinghai Lake was the Capital,which was to some extent related to the changes in the political,economic and military situations of the time.However,based on the analysis of several factors determining the foundation of the capital,including natural geography,geopolitics,transportation routes,regional economy,military geography and so on,we find that roles played by various historical and geographical factors in the process of selecting the site of Fusi as the Capital of Tuyuhun are different from those in the process of founding the capital by farming peoples.The site of Fusi had taken the form of a city,but was virtually featured by the peculiar characteristics of nomad,that is,selection of the site of Fusi is in conformity with the life style of the nomadic society of Tuyuhun.Therefore,foundation of capital by nomad should not be analyzed using the same way analyzing the foundation of capital in the central plains,especially in the case of capital foundation by nomad in their early stage.