一起小学流行性腮腺炎爆发的调查分析

Research report of investigation about a mumps outbreak in a primary school

目的核实疫情,确定某小学流行性腮腺炎(简称流腮)暴发的存在并描述疫情三间分布特征和流行强度,探讨发病危险因素。结论按照病例定义,开展病例搜索,描述其三间分布后,结合现场流行病学调查情况,形成假设,再采用病例对照研究方法验证假设。结果某小学2009年5月1日至6月18日搜索到符合病例定义的病例共33例。首例病例5月21日发病,6月14-17日出现发病高峰。二(3)班罹患率最高,为28%。男生罹患率为12%,女生罹患率为9%。病例对照研究表明,在校就餐是危险因素;吃午饭前洗手、平时洗手时使用肥皂是保护因素。结论根据病例临床表现、三间分布特征,确定某小学存在流行性腮腺炎暴发;建议校方减少学生在教室就餐的机会,加强宣传教育,提高学生自我保护意识,养成良好的洗手习惯。

Objective To verify the epidemic,to determine the existence of mumps outbreak in a primary school and describe the epidemic distributions of the population,time,place,and epidemic strength,to probe the risk factors. Methods Screen the case according to the case definition.Describing the distribution of time, region and population in this outbreak,combined with field work epidemiological investigation,then we can come to a hypothesis and test it by case-control study. Results From May 1,2009 to Jun 18,2009,33 cases that meet the case definition were found in a primary school. First case’s onset day was May 21,incidence peaks were on the Jun 14 to Jun 17. Class 3 grade 2 had the highest attack rate（28%）.Male attack rate was 12%,female attack rate was 9%.The case-control study showed that the risk factor was dining in the school.Washing their hands before lunch and usually washing their hands with soap were protective factors. Conclusion The clinical displays, three distributions＇ characteristics demonstrated the mumps outbreak happened in a primary school.We recommended the school to reduce opportunities for students to eat in the classroom,strengthened publicity and education,and improved their senses of self-protection as well as developed good hand-washing habits.