大穗多花种质B46的选育及细胞遗传学鉴定

Breeding and Cytogenetic Identification of A Large-spike and Fertile Florets Germplasm

利用普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)7182与华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica)杂交、回交和自交,经多代选育出能够稳定遗传的大穗多花种质B46.对B46进行形态学观察及其细胞学检测与GISH鉴定.结果表明,B46形态学特征表现大穗多花特性,穗长12 cm左右,小穗达23个,小穗粒数平均6个;其根尖细胞染色体计数为2n=44;根尖原位杂交(GISH)及减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体的基因组原位杂交(GISH)显示,B46附加1对来自于华山新麦草的同源染色体.由此可以确定B46为小麦-华山新麦草的二体异附加系,其综合农艺性状优于小麦亲本7182,可作为培育高产小麦品种的优良种质材料.

Exploration on the genetic material of large-spike and fertile florets wheat germplasm B46,which is obtained by selection the offspring of hybridizing,back-crossing and self-crossing between Triticum aestivum L.cv.7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica.Methods which combined morphological observation,cytological analysis and genomic in situ hybridization（GISH） analysis are adopted.The result shows that B46 is a large-spike and fertile florets wheat with 12 cm ear length,23 spikelets per spike and 6 florets per spikelet.There are 44 chromosomes in the root tip cell of B46.The GISH analyses show that B46 contains a pair of homologous P.huashanica chromosomes.Therefore,B46 is a wheat-P.huashanica disomic addition line,and comprehensive agronomy traits exceed 7182.This germplasm can be utilized as good resource for cultivating high yield wheat varieties.