Rht10基因对‘鲁麦15’农艺性状和光合生理特性的影响

Effects of Rht10 on Agronomic and Photosynthetic Traits in ‘Lumai15' and Its Male-sterility Lines

利用鲁麦15、Rht10鲁麦15、Ms2鲁麦15及Ms2+Rht10鲁麦15近等基因系为试验材料,研究了Rht10基因对小麦农艺性状、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)等光合生理特性的影响.结果表明,Rht10使小麦的挑旗、抽穗、开花期均推迟了4～5 d;Rht10对鲁麦15和Ms2鲁麦15的降秆强度分别为53.77%和53.00%,穗长显著缩短(P<0.05),千粒重显著减少,但对有效穂数无显著影响(P>0.05).含有Rht10基因的材料与不含此基因的材料之间的光合生理参数普遍存在显著差异,但在不同时期不同参数差异正负不同;在灌浆后期,Rht10对Pn有显著正效应(P<0.05);从开花期到灌浆后期,Pn与气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)总体变化趋势相同,且相关性显著,表明Pn在一定程度上受气孔因素的限制;在灌浆中后期,Rht10对Gs有明显的正效应;在抽穗和开花期,Rht10对Tr有明显的正效应;Rht10对叶片水分利用效率(WUE)在4个生育期有明显的负效应.由此可见,Rht10基因对小麦的生育期、株高、穗长都有明显的不利影响,对各项光合生理参数也有普遍正向或负向的影响,在利用Rht10进行杂交育种时应充分考虑此基因带来的不利效应.

‘Lumai 15＇,‘Rht10 Lumai 15＇,‘Ms2 Lumai 15＇ and ‘Ms2＋Rht10 Lumai 15＇ as materials,were aimed to investigate the effect of Rht10 on agronomic and photosynthetic traits,such as photosynthesis（Pn）,transpiration（Tr）,and so on.The results showed that the materials which have Rht10 gene made the growth period 4～5 days longer than those without Rht10 gene;The plant height of‘Lumai 15＇ and Ms2 ‘Lumai 15＇was shortened by 53.77% and 53.00% with Rht10 gene,respectively;Rht10 gene also significantly shortened the spike length of wheat（P〈0.05）,Rht10 can significantly decrease the kernel weight,but the effect on the spikelet number was not obvious（P〈0.05）;There were universal remarkable differences in photosynthesizes in the physiological parameter between the materials with Rht10 and the one without Rht10.At the late filling stage,Rht10 had obvious effect on Pn（P〈0.05）;From anthesis stage to the late filling stages,the dynamic changes of Pn were the same as Gs and Ci which means Pn was restricted by the stomatal factors to some extent;At the middle and late filling stages,Rht10 had significantly positive effects on Gs;At the heading and anthesis stages,Rht10 made positive effects on Tr;Rht10 had significantly positive effects on WUE at these four stages.In conclusion,there are negative effects on growth stages,plant height and spike length with Rht10;Rht10 have some positive or negative effects on photosynthetic traits;The disadvantage factors that Rht10 bring about should be considered adequately when using the Rht10 gene in breeding by hybridization.