成熟度与烘干温度对结球甘蓝种子质量的影响

Influence of Different Harvest Dates and Drying Temperatures on the Seed Quality of 'Dongsheng' Cabbage

以结球甘蓝品种冬升种子为材料,研究了不同成熟度和烘干温度下种子秕粒率、千粒重、发芽率、生理活性情况以及不同烘干温度下种子的含水量.结果表明,结球甘蓝冬升开花后45～55 d采收的种子,发芽率均达到了95%以上;随着种子成熟度提高,其种子质量、发芽活力及其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脱氢酶活性显著上升,而相对电导率显著下降.与对照(自然风干)相比,30～50℃的烘干温度对种子千粒重和秕粒率无显著性影响,也仅在50℃下可使种子的发芽活力显著降低;随着烘干温度的升高,种子的SOD、POD和脱氢酶活性逐渐显著下降,相对电导率则逐渐显著上升;30～50℃烘干6 h种子的含水量由13.3%降至5.4%左右.研究发现,结球甘蓝冬升开花授粉后45 d种子已达到了采收程度,30～50℃烘干6 h种子含水量已达到储藏要求,并且愈接近自然干燥温度(30～40℃)的处理,种子发芽能力愈好;甘蓝种子活力与其SOD、POD和脱氢酶活性呈正相关,而与其相对电导率呈负相关.

Using the seeds of ＇Dongsheng＇ cabbage as material,we investigated the percentage of shriveled seed,thousand seed weight,germination and physiological and biochemical changes under different harvest dates and drying temperatures and the seed moisture content under different drying temperatures.The results showed：when cabbage was harvested 45～55 d post anthesis,the germination percentage of all treatments could be larger than 95%.The seed quality,germinating vigor,SOD activity,POD activity,dehydrogenase value increased considerably with the delay of harvest dates,but relative electrical conductivity decreased considerably.When the seed of cabbage were dried at 30～50℃,there were no remarkable influences on the thousand seed weight and percentage of shriveled seed compared with CK,but the germinating vigor decreased considerably when dried at 50℃.The SOD activity,POD activity,dehydrogenase value decreased considerably and the relative electrical conductivity increased considerably with the increase of drying temperature.The seed moisture content reduced from 13.3% to 5.4% for 6 hours when dried at 30,40 and 50℃.In conclusion,the seeds can be harvested at 45 days after pollination,the seed moisture content can reached the storage requirements for 6 hours when dried at 30,40 and 50℃,and the nearer to the natural ones（30～40℃） the drying temperature were,the higher the germination potential rate were.The germinating vigor has a positive correlation with the SOD activity,POD activity and dehydrogenase,but has a negative correlation with the relative electrical conductivity.