阿拉善雅布赖风沙区荒漠植物群落结构和物种多样性研究

Community Structure and Species Diversity of Desert Plants in the Wind-sand Area of Yabulai

根据阿拉善雅布赖风沙区30个样地的调查资料,对该区荒漠植物群落物种多样性进行分析.结果表明:雅布赖风沙区天然植被物种组成简单,以旱生、盐生或超旱生的小灌木和多年生草本植物占主导地位,体现出荒漠半荒漠和草原化荒漠植物群落的特点.群落优势层片为灌木层,其物种组成以矮化的半灌木和小灌木为主(占41%～90%),受环境变化的影响较小,结构比较稳定;草本层片组成中以多年生草本为主,但一年生草本的数量却占到81.5%～98.8%,为不稳定层片.雅布赖风沙区荒漠植物群落多样性数量特征值差异较大,在植被生态建设时应关注不同生活型植被的防护效应与当地大风和沙尘暴在发生时间上的匹配性,针对半灌木、小灌木和多年生草本覆盖特有的防风性能,重视灌木和多年生草本的恢复与建设,以取得抵抗风沙、稳定当地生态环境的效果.

Species diversity is an objective index that measures the abundant degree of biological resources in a certain region.This paper studied community characteristics and species diversity of Yabulai wind-sand area based on the investigation of 30 sampling plots.The results showed that the vegetative composition was simple and dominated by xeric,halophilic and hyper-xeric small shrubs and perennial herbage plants,which represented the characteristics of desert,half-desert and steppification？desert vegetative community.The predominant layer in the community was shrub,consisting of dwarf half shrubs and small ones,which the structure was more stable because of less effect of environmental variation.The herbage layer was mainly comprised of perennial herbage plants,but the quantity of annul herbage accounted for 81.5～98.8 percentage,belonging to the various layer.The diversity index and quantity of vegetative community in the wind-sand area of Yabulai had larger difference.Therefore,we should pay much attention to matching ability between the protective effect of different life form vegetation and the time of occurrence of local strong wind and sandstorm during vegetation ecological building,perennial shrub and perennial herb which were adapted to improve the local environmental conditions should take preferential place in vegetation construction to combat desertification in the wind-sand belt of Yabulai,only this way can protect the ground more efficiently and achieve expected ecologically protective effects.