双季稻-油菜三熟制下长期施肥对早稻产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Long-term Fertilizer Structure on Early Rice Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility under Double Rice-rapeseed Rotation System

通过长期定位试验,研究了双季稻-油菜三熟制下长期施肥对早稻产量、产量构成因子、植株养分吸收及土壤养分变化的影响。试验设无肥(CK)、全化肥(NPK)、氮钾(NK)、氮磷(NP)、30%有机肥(30%OM)和60%有机肥(60%OM)6个处理。结果表明,有机无机肥长期配施显著提高早稻稻谷产量和生物产量,其中,以30%OM处理稻谷产量最高,60%OM处理次之,与CK相比,增产率分别达到131.58%和119.08%。有机无机肥长期配施还能促进稻谷氮磷钾养分的吸收,30%OM和60%OM处理稻谷养分总积累量(N+P+K)比NPK处理分别高3.90%和1.05%,比CK分别高135.65%和129.19%。与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥长期配施有利于土壤培肥和土壤养分的维持与提高。研究还发现NK处理早稻产量、养分吸收量及土壤有机质、全N、碱解N、速效P含量均明显低于其他施肥处理,说明磷素是制约该地区早稻作物生长的主要影响因素之一,农民在早稻生产中应注重磷肥的施用。

Effects of different fertilizer structures on grain yield,yield construction,nutrient uptake in early rice and soil fertility were studied using a 22-year long term experiment under double rice-rapeseed rotation system.Six treatments were designed including no fertilizer（CK）,NPK,NK,NP,30% organic manure（30%OM） and 60% organic manure（60%OM）.The results showed that the grain and biomass yields in early rice were obviously increased with long-term combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer.The highest and higher rice yields were observed in 30%OM treatment and 60%OM treatment with the increasing rate of 131.58% and 119.08%,compared with the CK.Chemical fertilizers application combined with organic manure could promote NPK nutrient absorption.Compared with NPK treatment,the total nutrient absorption（N＋P＋K） of rice grain were increased by 3.90% and 1.05% within 30% OM treatment and 60% OM treatment,respectively,and compared with CK treatment,which were increased by 135.65% and 129.19%,respectively.Positive effect on soil fertility was also observed in treatments of inorganic fertilizers application combined with organic manure.Rice grain yield,nutrient uptake amount of rice plant,soil organic matter,total N,available N,and available P were all obviously lower than the other treatments,except the CK,which indicated that phosphorus is one of the major factors restricting crop growth in early rice and phosphorus should be applied in early rice production of this area.