经验的自然与生态美育——论生态美育的现实性与超越性

Empirical Naturalism and Ecological Aesthetic Education:Realizability and Transcendality of Ecological Aesthetic Education

康德的"自然的合目的性"论在事实上确立了生态美育的前提。杜威美学是对康德上述命题所做的一种实践性转换,它首先将自然纳入经验范畴,然后再经过"艺术即经验"的推导将其转换为艺术,自然因此而成为艺术的事情,艺术(美)则又成为自然的直接表现形式,这在事实上又可以得出"艺术即自然"的推论。另一方面,在经验的意义上,生活、社会、历史经过经验的转化也成为"自然"或"自然史",由此,"艺术即生活"、"艺术即社会"、"艺术即历史"等命题也可以成立,艺术成为人类生活的要义乃至立足点,也成为自然、生活、社会、历史的核心表征。因此,杜威意义上的艺术美育不仅是对西方传统艺术美育思想的回应,也是对现代乃至后现代美育思想的整体性概括,是一种涵盖性非常强的生态美育思想。

The Objective Purposiveness of Nature,by Immanuel Kant,actually has provided a precondition for Ecological Aesthetic Education.And John Dewey＇s Aesthetics is a practical transformation of the sub-propositions by Immanuel Kant.Nature first is transformed or integrated into experiential category,then is converted into art by using the ratiocination of ＂Art as Experience＂,and finally is assigned to art.Thus artistic beauty has been the direct representation of nature.And as evidence of that,we can conclude ＂Art as Nature＂.On the other hand,life,society and history are turned into nature or natural history in the experiential sense.Thus those propositions such as ＂Art as Life＂,＂Art as Society＂ and ＂Art as History＂ are true.Art has been not only the essential point and the anchor point of human life,but also the core characterization of nature,life,society and history.Thus,in John Dewey＇s sense,art aesthetic education is not only the response to Western traditional art aesthetic education but also the integrated generalization on modern or post-modern aesthetic education.Certainly,it is also a thought of Ecological Aesthetic Education which has a broad extension of coverage.