叶适的虚实观及其对理学的批评

Ye Shi's Outlook on Vacuity-reality and his Criticism to Neo-Confucianism

虚实关系是宋代哲学的重要理论课题。理学家曾以自己的"实"学对佛老的空虚观展开深入的批判。但在叶适眼中,理学之"实"实际是虚。叶适通过对《易传》文本的梳理和观点的重新阐释,否定《彖》、《象》以外其他各篇为孔子所作,认为从根本上支撑起理学理论的《易传》诸说,实际与佛老的专以心性为宗主走到了一起,从而泯灭了尧舜以来作为学术正途的内外交相成之道。叶适的揭示和批评对"实"学和理学本身都具有重要的意义。

The topic on the relationship between vacuity and reality is very important for the philosophy of Song Dynasty. The philosophers of Neo-Confucianism made deep criticisms to the ideas of vacuity and emptiness from Buddhism and Taoism. But in Ye Shi＇s opinion, the reality of Neo-Confucianism is also vacuous actually. Ye Shi denied that most of Yi Zhuan was written by Confucius and thought the theory of Neo-Confucianism based on the interpre- tations of Yi Zhuan is the theory that focused on the mind-nature from Buddhism and Tao- ism, which destroyed the correct academic path since the period of Yao and Shun. Ye Shi＇s ideas and criticisms to Neo-Confucianism have far-reaching significance to the doctrine of reality and Neo-Confucianism itself.