颈椎牵引的一般性原则

THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CERVICAL SPINE TRACTION

为给颈椎病的牵引治疗提供理论依据，从生物力学观点出发，通过应力对颈椎病致病机理的研究，探讨了颈椎压力的产生及其规律，并对颈椎牵引的作用进行了较深入的研究。认为颈椎牵引的作用，一是克服头部重力；二是减轻或消除颈部肌群对椎体的残余压力；三是牵引塑型。还通过建立头颈系统力学模型，引入塑型力 Ｆｐ 和塑型系数 Ｋ 的概念，通过分析、计算，得出了颈椎牵引应遵循的一般治疗原则。即牵引力线的正确位置、最佳牵引力值及牵引力的最佳方向。以上三条也称作“颈椎牵引力三要素”。为颈椎病牵引治疗及有关医疗器械的设计提供了理论依据。

In order to provide a theoretic basis for traction therapy for cervical spondylopathy, the production and its laws of cervical spine pressure and the functions of cervical spine traction were deeply studied from biomechanical standpoint and through the study on the stress pathogenesis of cervical spondylopathy. The function of cervical spine traction included: (1) to overcome the gravity of the head; (2) to alleviate or remove the residual pressure of the cervical muscular groups on the vertebral bodies; and (3) to produce traction remodelling. The authors established a mechanical model of the head neck system, introduced new concepts of remodelling force F p and remodelling coefficient K and thus advanced the general therapeutic principles that should be followed in cervical spine traction. They included the correct position of the traction force line, the optimum value and optimum direction of traction force, which are known as the “three key elements” for cervical spine traction and provide a theoretic basis for the traction therapy for cervical spondylopathy and the design of the medical appliances.