山桐子特性、利用价值及苗木培育技术

Idesia polycarpa's Characteristic,Value in Use and Cultivation Techniques

山桐子(Idesia polycarpa Maxim.)全球仅有1种,原产于中国,其果肉和种子都能榨油,果肉含油率32.8%～43.6%,种子含油率22.4～31.6%。山桐子油经过精练之后可以食用,脂肪酸组成以亚油酸为主,占52.5%～81.4%,油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸次之。在工业上可用于制肥皂及做润滑油、乳化剂、催干剂等;在医学上可用于治疗血脂过高和动脉硬化等病症;在燃油方面是酯交换法制取生物柴油的好原料,是优质高产的木本油料树种,被誉为"树上的油库"。山酮子生长快,适应广,抗性强,还是绿化和水土保持的优良树种之一。作者介绍了山桐子的植物学与生物学特性、生态适生条件及综合利用的现状,总结了繁殖与栽培技术,可为山桐子的开发利用提供一定的参考。

Idesia polycarpa Maxim.was the only one type in the world,originated in China.The pulp and seeds could be crushing,and they contained 32.8% to 43.6%,and 22.4% to 31.6% oil respectively.The oil could be used as edible oil after refining.The main fatty acid was linoleic acid of 52.5%～81.4%,then oleic acid,palmitic acid,and stearic acid followed.It could be used as lubricating oil,emulsifier,dryer etc.in industry;it could treat and prevent high blood lipids and atherosclerosis in medicine and was used as the materials of biodiesel.It was known as＂the tree oil depot＂.It was one of the good green and water-soil conservation trees with fast growth,wide adaptability and strong resistance.The botanical and biological characteristics,the suitable conditions and ecological utilization status,the breeding and cultivation techniques of I.polycarpa were discussed.