孕期不同钙摄入量对孕产妇骨健康的影响

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CALCIUM INTAKE ON THE BONE HEALTH OF THE PREGNANT AND PARTURIENT WOMEN

目的： 探讨我国传统膳食所致低钙摄入对母体骨健康及胎儿生长发育的影响。方法： 经膳食指导和干预，使能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入一致，根据随机的原则将怀孕１８ 周的３６ 名健康妇女分为传统膳食组、膳食钙干预组和膳食加钙剂联合干预组，从孕２０ 周至产后４５ 天进行干预和追踪研究。结果： 孕妇和新生儿体格指标三组间无差异（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） ，但传统膳食组高危评分明显低于其它组，差异显著（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ，钙摄入量与高危评分、妊娠和分娩时血压、妊娠浮肿正相关（ ｒ＞ ０ ．５７ ， Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，各组对象产后４５ 天腰椎骨密度以传统膳食组最差，组间差异显著（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ，与同龄非孕妇女的骨密度峰值相比，传统膳食仅能维持在（８５ ．１ ±６ ．６１） ％ 。结论： 我国传统膳食所致的低钙摄入状况对孕妇胎儿的一般体格无不良影响，但增加孕产期的危险因素，尤其增加妊高征的发病机会和分娩时血压，并影响孕妇骨健康。

Objective: To study the effects of the low calcium intake due to Chinese traditional diet on womens bone health and foetusphysique. Methods: By dietary guide and intervention the intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates were made similar in different groups. 36 healthy women in pregnant 18th week were randomly divided into the traditional diet group, the dietary calcium intervention group, the dietary and calcium tablet combined intervention group. The study began from the 20th week of pregnancy to postpartum day 45. Results: Three groups were insignificantly different in general physical state (P>0.05). In high risk score the traditional diet group was significantly different from other two groups (P<0.05). Calcium intake was positively correlated with high risk score, blood pressure in pregnancy and parturition and edema (r>0.57, P<0.01). In the lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD), the traditional diet group was the worst and three groups were significantly different (P<0.05 or P<0.01). As compared with women of the same age, the BMD of the traditional diet group was (85.14±6.61)%. Conclusion: The low calcium intake due to Chinese traditional diet is not harmful to the general physique of pregnant women and foetushealth, but increase pregnant risk, especially pregnant hypertension syndrome, and affects womans bone health.