中国居民微量营养素的摄入

DIETARY INTAKE OF MICRONUTRIENTS OF CHINESE INHABITANTS

目的：依据１９９２ 年第三次全国营养调查的结果，分析全国各年龄居民１００ ２０１ 人的微量营养素摄入情况。方法：以中国的食物成分表为计算依据，用１９８８年修订的“推荐每日膳食中营养素供给量（ Ｒ Ｄ Ａ）”作为评价指标，用 Ｓ Ａ Ｓ 统计软件进行分析。结果：钙是中国居民膳食中缺乏最明显的营养素，有５１ ．０ ％ ～６７ ．６ ％ 的城乡个体每日钙摄入量不足１／２ Ｒ Ｄ Ａ； 全国平均视黄醇当量的摄入量占 Ｒ Ｄ Ａ 的６１７ ％ ；核黄素的摄入量占 Ｒ Ｄ Ａ 的５８ ．４ ％ ；铁的摄入量并不低，然而缺铁性贫血是我国居民中普遍存在的营养缺乏病；居民膳食中锌、硒、硫胺素摄入量在８０ ％ ～９０ ％ Ｒ Ｄ Ａ；烟酸、抗坏血酸、维生素 Ｅ 比较充足。结论：对于钙和铁的缺乏应调整膳食结构或适当使用强化食品加以改善。

Objective: Based on the data collected in 1992 China National Nutrition Survey, which covered 25033 households and 100201 individuals of all ages, the dietary intake of some micronutrients were calculated. Methods: Nutrients intake was calculated with the Chinese food composition table. All data were analyzed with SAS software and in reference to the corresponding Chinese RDAs. Results: Calcium was the most insufficient nutrient in Chinese diet. There were 51% to 67.7% of the individuals who consumed an amount less than one half of their RDAs. Retinol equivalent intake was 61.7% RDA. Riboflavin intake was 58.4%RDA. Iron intake was not very low in China. However, the prevalence of anemia was common in populations. The dietary intakes of zinc, selenium and thiamin were between 80%～90% RDA. The intakes of niacin, ascorbic acid and vitamin E were sufficient. Conclusion: To improve the dietary calcium and iron intakes of Chinese population, milk and dairy product consumption are recommended, and food fortification with these nutrients may be feasible as well.