精英文化和民间行为的交涉互动——明清“割股疗亲”戏曲的文化解析

On the Interaction between Elite Culture and Folk Culture——Cultural Interpretation of the Dramas of "Curing Parents by Cutting the Thigh" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

割股疗亲是明清戏曲宣传孝道的常用题材。作为民间的风俗习惯,割股疗亲在明清时期风气大盛的同时,也遭到儒家正统观念的攻击和官方的禁止。在这样的文化环境下,割股戏曲的大量出现,显示出它对民间行为和观念的认可;而其"动机至上"的道德劝谏动机则属于来自士大夫文化的精英意识,从而使戏曲呈现出"中间态"特征。戏曲成为沟通精英文化和民间文化的桥梁,同时也是二者在孝道教化上达到共鸣的结果和体现。而孝道观念也通过戏曲渗透到社会德教传媒的各个方面,并使其传承不衰。

Curing parents by cutting thigh is the common topic to promote filial piety in the dramas of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As one of the folk customs, curing parents by cutting thigh is greatly popular, but it is also attacked and prohibited by the Confucianism concept and government. The large amount of such dramas in this kind of situation manifests its cognition. The motivation of moral persuasion of ＂motivation superiority＂ coming from the elite consciousness makes the dramas have the feature of intermediation, that is to say, dramas become the bridge to connect the elite culture and folk culture and the consequence and realization of their common in the education of filial piety as well. As a result, the concept of filial piety spreads to every social and moral aspect and makes it last from one generation to another.