植物耐盐的生理生态适应性研究进展

Research Advances in Physiological Ecology Adaptation of Plant Salt-tolerance

植物耐盐机制的研究对盐渍土改良利用和选育培育耐盐植物新品种具有重要意义。盐分胁迫下,植物表现一系列生理生态适应性变化。根据近年来对植物耐盐的研究,本文重点阐述了植物体内渗透调节、抗氧化酶活性、光合途径的转变、激素信号转导、植物体内相关蛋白的高表达、形态结构的改变等耐盐的生理生态适应性机制。进一步分析表明,植物耐盐的适应性受多方面调节和控制,应该把多方面的因素都联系起来综合考虑。

The study on the mechanism of plant salttolerance has the important significance to improve and utilizes of saline soil, and to cultivate and breed new varieties of salt-tolerant plants. According to the published studies on plant salt-tolerance, plants show a range of physiological and ecological adaptation, including selectively absorbing inorganic ions, regulating K^＋/Na^＋ ratio to lower osmotic pressure in vivo; salt stress increases the antioxidant enzyme activity, slows down the damage of reactive oxygen species; hormone can induce some of the important gene expression in salt-tolerance signaling pathways; Some halophytes photosynthetic pathway changes could help improving their ability for adapting saline habitats; saline environment promotes that environment-related proteins are highly expressed in vivo for salt-tolerant plants; and some morphological changes in the structure of plants occur, through salt excretion, salt separation, and salt rejection, the plants adapt the salt environment. Thus, physiological ecology adaptation of plant salt-tolerant is regulated and controlled by many aspects.