水蒸汽蒸馏法及顶空-固相微萃取法提取青蒿花挥发性成分比较分析

Comparison for Extraction of the Volatile Composition in Artemisia Annua Flowers by Hydro-Distillation and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Methods

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法(HD)及顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取青蒿花的挥发性成分,GC-MS法分析其化学组成。已鉴定化合物占挥发性成分的95.01%(HD)和89.55%(HS-SPME)。其中1,8-桉叶素(21.32%,20.96%),樟脑(24.34%,19.18%),莰烯(3.04%,5.26%),侧柏烯(3.72%,4.08%),α-萜品醇(2.30%,1.16%),2-丙烯基-4a,8-二甲基-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-八氢萘(3.40%,4.69%),β-法尼烯(4.08%,1.62%)分别为HD及HS-SPME主要挥发成分;它们在挥发性成分中的相对含量分别为62.20%(HD)和56.95%(HS-SPME)。结果表明2种提取法所得挥发性成分中的主要成分没有明显差别。HS-SPME与HD法相比,具有样品用量少、提取时间短、能耗低、环境友好的特点;且提取物不需进一步纯化,溶剂转换以及过滤等烦琐操作即可直接进行分析,是富集青蒿花挥发性成分的理想方法。

The chemical components of essential oils that were extracted from Artemisia annua flowers by different methods were compared.The volatile extracts were obtained by traditional hydro-distillation（HD） and headspace solid-phase microextraction（HS-SPME） methods from Artemisia annua flowers,and the chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） system.The identified components were 95.01%（HD） and 89.55%（HS-SPME） of the volatile chemical composition of flowers,respectively.The main constituents were 1,8-cineole（21.32%,20.96%）,camphor（24.34%,19.18%）,camphene（3.04%,5.26%）,sabinene（3.72%,4.08%）,α-terpineol（2.30%,1.16%）,β-farnesene（4.08%,1.62%） and 2-isopropenyl-4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene（3.40%,4.69%）,which were 62.20% and 56.95% of all volatile composition by HD and HS-SPME,respectively.There was no significant difference of the main chemical components,and their contents of the volatile composition were extracted by HD and HS-SPME.The HS-SPME method offers important advantages over traditional alternatives,namely：less samples,shorter isolation time,lower energy consumption,cleaner features.Furthermore,the extractions of volatile composition from HS-SPME could be analysed directly without any clean-up,solvent exchange or centrifugation steps.HS-SPME is a good method for the extraction of volatile composition from Artemisia annua flowers.