2-6岁在园幼儿受挫的缘由与反应

On the Cause and Reaction of 2-6-year-old Children Facing Setbacks in Kindergartens

本研究采用自然情境观察法,对北京市幼儿园大班、中班、小班、托班各9个班的2—6岁儿童在园一日生活中遭遇挫折的情况进行了观察,结果显示2—6岁在园儿童普遍遭遇过挫折事件;其受挫事件主要发生在游戏活动中,并主要由他人(教师或同伴)引发;儿童在面临挫折时以哭、愤怒等消极情绪反应为主,以攻击和大喊等向外行为反应为主,反应持续时间平均为10.6分钟。幼儿园一方面应利用挫折事件发生的契机引导儿童正确认识与积极应对挫折事件,增强儿童的抗挫折能力,另一方面应努力避免让儿童在园遭遇过度挫折。为此,教师应努力建立与维持良好的师生关系,引导儿童同伴交往的良性发展,并在儿童遭遇挫折时给予最大的宽容与充满爱心的耐心安慰和支持。

In order to study the cause and reaction of 2-6-year-old children facing setbacks in the kindergarten, the study observed hundreds of kids in Beijing kindergartens. The result shows： To 2-6-year- old children, facing setbacks was difficult to be avoided; Setbacks occurred during games mostly; Most of setbacks were caused by other people （teachers and peers）; Children＇s main reaction to setbacks were expressing negative emotions and showing negative outward behavior.