虚假诉讼定义辨析

Discrimination on the Definition of Fictitious Action

虚假诉讼在我国当前呈高发态势。因虚假诉讼行为人事先的恶意串通,若人民法院仅依诉讼常规程序审理之,必然不能探明事实之真相,必须采取常规程序外之特别手段方可应对。虚假诉讼变民事诉讼当事人"无奈提起诉讼"为行为人"刻意制造诉讼",对民事诉讼制度产生解构性侵害,是对整个民事诉讼法律制度的直接挑战。但作为解决虚假诉讼问题的首要问题——虚假诉讼的定义——仍然众说纷呈,没有统一的说法。此种现状导致虚假诉讼问题在实践中的诸多关注和探讨存在先天障碍。从实然使用、应然分析、与诉讼诈骗等相近概念的辨析以及案件的特点分析四个方面对虚假诉讼定义进行多角度解析,以期为虚假诉讼问题在实践中引发的关注和探讨进一步明确对象目标指向和精确界定探讨范围,并给相关法律制度的进一步完善提供多元化的参考。

Fictitious actions occur frequently in China in recent years.Due to prior malicious conspiracy,the court shall never verify the truth given that a normal procedure is applied.A fictitious action changes a party of civil suit from ＂have to institute a proceeding＂ to ＂deliberately fabricate a proceeding＂,which infracts the system of civil procedure and even the whole civil law.However,there is still no widely accepted definition of fictitious action.Such current situation leads to a great deal of concerns while a congenital handicap to further discussion is on the way.This article is designed to define fictitious action from the perspective of actual analysis,need analysis,discriminating similar concepts of litigation fraud and characteristic analysis of the case,so as to limit the probing scope and offer a diverse reference to the perfection of relevant legal system.