莱茵鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构观察分析

Observation and Analysis of Feather Follicle Morphology in Rhine Geese

本研究采用组织切片技术观察莱茵鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点,运用最小二乘均数法对胸、腹和背部羽区的毛囊密度、毛囊直径和S/P值的变化等进行分析。结果显示,莱茵鹅羽毛初级毛囊和次级毛囊均属有髓毛囊,二者独立发生发育。E24d莱茵鹅胚胎皮肤羽区初级毛囊已完全发育成熟,羽鞘和羽嵴发达。成年鹅的次级毛囊显微形态结构与初级毛囊基本相似,但次级毛囊的羽嵴以髓质为中心向外周呈放射状均匀分布,没有凸出的脊柱状羽轴嵴存在。成年莱茵鹅在胸、腹部羽区的次级毛囊密度均显著高于其背部羽区的次级毛囊密度(P<0.05),雌莱茵鹅胸、腹部羽区的S/P值均显著高于背部的S/P值(P<0.05)。次级毛囊直径因性别差异变化较大,雌鹅在胸、腹部羽区的次级毛囊直径均显著小于雄鹅(P<0.05)。此结果可为绒用鹅品种选育和绒羽性状评价提供参考依据。

In the present study,preparation of tissue sections and microscopy were used to observe the morphologic structure and distribution of feather follicles in Rhine geese. Analysis of follicle densities,diameters and changes of S/P values at the thoracal,ventral and dorsal tracts were conducted using least square method. The results showed that both the primary and the secondary feather follicles were developed from the pulp epithelium. The morphogenesis of the primary or secondary follicles in the feather tracts was independent. The development of the primary follicles of embryonic geese at E24 was observed to be mature, and the feather sheathes and barb ridges in the follicles were very developed. The morphotogic structure of the secondary feather follicles was identity to that of the primaries,and the barb ridges of the secondary follicles formed radially and symmetrically around the central pulp,but no any rachidial ridge was found in adult geese. The secondary follicle densities at the sections of the thoracal and ventral tracts were observed significantly thicker than those at the dorsal （P〈0.05）. The S/P values at the thoracal and ventral tracts were found significantly larger than those at the dorsal sections of the females （P〈0.05）. The variation of the secondary follicle diameters was significant between the males and the females, and the diameters at the thoracal and ventral tracts of the females were significantly thinner than those at the tracts of the males （P〈0.05）. Results of this study provided the data for the breeding of downy-type geese and for the evaluation of downy traits in geese.