渐进过程中的政府职能转变:价值、动因与阻力

The Transformation of Government Function In the Process of Gradualness:Value,Causes and Barriers

在现代社会,作为工具性的政府是建立在"合目的性"的基础上的,是产生于社会并服务于社会的组织体;政治越发展,政府就越能增进与实现公共利益。因而,"公共性"是现代政府的价值追求,在转变政府职能过程中,不能违背、侵蚀这一价值定位。在转型的中国,政府存在并运转于一定的空间中,具体的政治、经济、文化等要素集结成一定层级政府的任务环境,它们形成了推动政府职能转变的强大动力,也影响着政府职能转变的效度。政府职能转变之所以步履维艰、过程之所以呈现出渐进的特征,一个非常重要的原因在于它受到来自政府、市场和社会等多重因素的影响:全能政府的惯性、职责同构的弊端、市场质量的影响和社会发育的迟缓以及现实利益的阻隔。政府职能的转变不仅取决于政府自身的作为,市场质量、社会组织的自组织力也是影响其效度的重要函数。因而,在相当长的时间里,政府职能转变仍然会是行政改革中的重要议题。

In modern society, as instrumental government is set up on the basis of conformity to aim. Government is a kind of organization from the society and serve for the society. And the more politics develops, the more public interests can be enhanced and achieved by government. Owing to the above, the publicity is both the value orientation of government function and the base line of transfor- mation of government function. At the transformation period of China, government operates in many space. For some level governmental institution, concrete politics-economy-society-culture factors build up the task--circumstance, which form the impetus and affect the validity of government function＇s transformation. Why is it very difficult and take on the characteristics of gradualism at the process of government function＇s transformation？ The reasons lie on as follows： the inertia omnipotence government, the abuse of isomorphic responsibility, the influence of market quality, the delay of the development of society, and the obstruction of practical interests. The validity of government function＇ s transformation lies on both government themselves and the market quality or the capacity of self-organization of social organizations. As a result, government function＇s transformation will be the fundamental topic in the process of administration reform all the same.