钱锺书对严羽《沧浪诗话》的误解与原因

Qian Zhongshu's Misreading on Tsang-Lang Discourse and Its Reasons

虽然南宋严羽的《沧浪诗话》是王渔洋"神韵"说的理论渊源之一,但严羽在《沧浪诗话》里却并没有正式提及"神韵"一词。钱锺书在《谈艺录》和《管锥编》两书中多处征引的严羽所谓"诗之有神韵者",从文献上考证,是一个子虚乌有的命题。但令人遗憾的是,学界已经出现了以讹传讹的现象:由于钱锺书在学界的权威地位,有些研究者未加辨别就直接引述了钱锺书的错误观点。事实上,"神韵"这一概念范畴在严羽所处的南宋尚未出现,但严羽的诗论主张与"神韵"说确有着密切联系,而钱锺书在《谈艺录》和《管锥编》两书中论述"神韵"的相关内容,则是混淆了"神韵"的提法和它的理论渊源。

Though Yah Yu＇s Tsang-Lang Discourse on Poetry （《沧浪诗话》） is one of the main sources of Wang Shizhen＇ s theory of ＂Shenyun＂（神韵）, Yan Yu actually did not use the term itself in his book. Qian Zhongshu quoted ＂the theory of ＇Shenyun＇＂（supposedly used by Yan Yu）many times in his Tan Yi Lu（《谈艺录》） and Guan Zhui Bian（《管锥编》）, which is not to be found in Tsang-Lang Discourse on Poetry after careful checking with the original text. In order to locate the reasons for the mistake made by Qian Zhongshu, this article first traces the history of the application of the term ＂Shenyun＂ originally in the field of art then in the poetics to make clear that it is impossible for Yan Yu to apply this term in poetic analysis in Southern Song Dynasty. Secondly the article discusses the overlapping and difference between Yan Yu＇s poetic theories with the theory of ＂Shenyun＂. Finally the article reaches the conclusion that Qian Zhongshu actually confused the origin of the theory and the term itself through the analysis of Qian Zhongshu＇s opinion on the theory of ＂Shenyun＂.