让历史重返自然——当代STS的本体论研究

Let History Return to Nature——Ontology Studies in Contemporary STS

从逻辑经验主义到社会建构的发展中,自然的历史性始终未能进入研究者的视野。"认识论的鸡"之争使拉图尔提出了广义对称性原则,这一原则使自然的历史性以一种全新的面貌再现,使STS走向了新自然辩证法的本体论研究,这种本体论表明客体之所以能成为"科学"的,是因为它是在辩证的实践过程中生成的;客观性与真理等一系列认识论范畴也不是对预先存在对象的表象性反映,也是在历史与时间进程中生成的东西;科学是一个人与物、自然与社会共同进化的过程。

From logical empiricism to social constructivism,the historicity of nature has never entered researchers visions.Through the ＂epistemological chicken＂ debate,Bruno Latour put forward the principle of general symmetry,which causes the historicity of nature recur in a new way and leads to a new dialectical ontology in STS.Such a new ontology shows that the object can become ＂scientific＂ just because it comes into being in the dialectic process of practice;such a series of epistemological categories as objectivity and truth are not the representations of pre-existences but what are coming into being in history and time;science is a co-evolution process of human and thing,nature and society.