1997-2007年中国城市用地扩张特征及其影响因素分析

The Features and Influencing Factors of Urban Expansion in China during 1997-2007

本文选取中国222个地级及地级以上城市为样本,以市辖区建成区面积表征城市用地规模,利用位序-规模法则和分形理论分析1997-2007年中国城市用地扩张整体趋势,并通过计算城市用地扩张幅度指数(UEI),分析中国不同用地规模、不同区域和不同省份之间的城市用地扩张差异。结果表明:①中国城市用地规模总量不断增加,城市之间的用地规模差距在拉大,整体均衡度在下降;②城市用地规模越大,扩张的速度越快,整体扩张速度呈现特大城市>大城市>中等城市>小城市的态势;③从区域层面看,东部城市的整体扩张速度最快,西部次之,中部最慢,城市用地扩张有着明显的区域差异性;④从省域层面看,城市用地扩张速度较快的主要为直辖市和广东、江苏、浙江、福建等东部沿海省份的城市。最后,本文从自然条件、行政区划调整、经济发展和人口增长等方面探讨了各影响因素对城市用地扩张的作用机制。

China is stepping into the developmental stage of fast urbanization. The important characteristic of urbanization and rapid development of economy is the sharp expansion of urban build-up area. The demand of urban land is getting larger and larger, however, it is impossible to meet the great demand unlimitedly due to the scarcity of land resources. The difficulty of urban land expansion is getting bigger and bigger, so the process of rapid urbanization is restricted by the shortage of land. The conflict between them becomes more and more serious; as a result, the research on the process of rapid urbanization and the regularity of urban expansion is popular in the academic world at present. This paper selects 222 municipal cities as samples, examines the general trend of urban land expansion from 1997 to 2007 based on rank-size law and fractal theory, and analyzes its diversity at different land scales and in different regions and provinces by calculating UEI （Urban Expansion Index）. The results are shown as follows. （1） The total amount of urban lands is keeping increasing in China, and in the case of 222 cities, the scale difference among cities is getting larger, and the general balance is keeping decreasing. （2） The larger the city scale is, the faster the expansion will be. （3） The expansion speed of eastern cities is greater than that of western cities. （4） The eastern coastal cities are developing faster, such as the municipalities directly under the Central Government, and those in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian. Finally, discussions are made on the mechanism of influencing factors from the viewpoint of physical conditions, administrative division adjustment, eco-nomic development and population growth.