食用菌在京郊都市生态循环农业中的应用

Application of Mushroom Industry in Ecological and Circular Agriculture of Beijing Suburbs

食用菌产业主要利用农林业生产中的秸秆、枝杈等副产品,生产口味鲜美、营养丰富的食用菌,为农民创造了可观的经济收入;同时减少了秸秆的剩余量,降低了焚烧秸秆对环境的污染;食用菌采收后的菌渣还可生产出大量的有机肥,有利地促进了有机农业的发展。近年来,食用菌产业在京郊广泛推广,在工厂化栽培、农民散户栽培的基础上,依据北京地区气候特点,开展了反季节栽培、林下仿生栽培等各种新模式。着重介绍了食用菌产业在生态循环农业中的作用,目前京郊食用菌产业的基本情况,并以通州区、昌平区为例,介绍京郊食用菌工厂化栽培、反季节栽培与林下仿生栽培模式。

In mushroom industry,agricultural and forestry by-products such as cereal straws and tree branches were used for cultivating delicious and nutritious mushrooms.The industry had economical,environmental,and ecological benefits.Firstly,farmers can earn money through mushroom cultivation.Secondly,cereal straw or tree branches had been used to mushroom planting instead of burning,which was very helpful in environmental protection.Thirdly,mushroom residue was high-quality organic fertilizers and can be use back to planting industry.Recently,mushroom industry had been widely extended in Beijing suburbs.Based on the regional and climatic features of Beijing suburbs,and experiences of industrialized cultivation and individual cultivation,new cultivation models such as off-season cultivation and bionic cultivation had been established.In present research,the function of mushroom industry in ecological and circular agriculture,the current situation of mushroom industry in Beijing suburbs,and planting models of industrialized,off-season and bionic cultivation were reviewed.