西藏阿里地区牲畜冰川棘豆中毒灾害状况调查

The Disaster Survey of the Oxytropis glacialis Poisoning in Livestock in the Ngari of Tibet

采用现场调查和资料收集相结合的方法,对西藏阿里地区冰川棘豆的生物学特性、生长习性、生态分布、危害状况、牲畜中毒发病特点及防治措施进行调查研究。结果表明,西藏阿里地区毒草主要为冰川棘豆,其分布面积超过209.25万hm2,占阿里地区草场总面积的10.97%;革吉、改则和措勤3县灾害较严重,分布面积达175.46万hm2,占阿里地区冰川棘豆总面积的83.85%;冰川棘豆全草有毒,花果期毒素含量最高,主要危害马属动物,其次为山羊和绵羊,牦牛有一定耐受性,对羊羔危害较为突出,严重影响当地畜牧业生产。结合调查结果提出了综合利用冰川棘豆的建议。

The bionomics,growth habit,ecological distribution,disaster situation,characteristics of Oxytropis glacialis poisoning,and the control meansure in Ngari of Tibet were investigated by field survey and data collection.It was shown that the main poisoning weed in the Ngari Prefecture of Tibet was O.glacialis,and its distribution area over 2.092 5 million hm2,accounting for 10.97 % of the total area.The most serious areas are Geji,Cuoqin and Gaize county,with a distribution area of 1.754 6 million hm2,accounting for 83.85% of the total distribution area of the O.glacialis.The herbs of the O.glacialis are toxin,with the highest toxin content in the flower and fruit stage.It mainly harms the equine,followed by goats and sheep,and the damage is more prominent on the lamb,but the yaks have a certain tolerance.A great damage and effect have been done to local animal husbandry.The suggestions about how to manage its damage are proposed,too.