黄淮麦区近年大面积推广小麦品种的遗传多样性分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of the Large-scale Promoted Wheat Varieties Grown at Huang-huai Area in Recent Years

采用31对SSR引物对黄淮麦区近年大面积推广的25份小麦品种进行微卫星标记位点扫描及遗传多样性分析,共检测到148个等位基因变异,变化范围为215个,平均每个位点检测到的等位基因数为4.77个。位点多态性信息指数（PIC）变幅为0.2530.889,平均0.552。3个基因组的平均等位变异丰富度为D〉B〉A,遗传多样性指数为D〉A〉B。7个部分同源群的平均等位变异丰富度为1〉7〉2〉5〉3=4〉6,平均遗传多样性指数为5〉3〉6〉4〉2〉1〉7。聚类分析表明,品种间的遗传相似系数（GS）变幅0.340.85,平均为0.61,SSR标记能将25份小麦品种相互区分开,在遗传相似系数（GS）0.59处,可将供试品种聚为5大类,其中80%的品种被聚在第Ⅰ类,同一地区或育种单位的品种大致聚在一个类群里。表明黄淮麦区近年大面积推广的小麦品种间遗传差异较小,遗传基础狭窄。

In order to investigate genetic relationships of the large-scale promoted wheat varieties which grown at Huang-huai area in recent years.Thirty-one SSR makers were used to detect genetic diversity among 25 elite wheat lines.Totally 148 alleles were revealed among 25 cultivars with 31 SSR markers,2-15 alleles could be detected at different SSR locus,with the average of 4.77 alleles per SSR marker;the range of PIC was 0.253-0.889,with the average of 0.552.In the three genomes of wheat,the average genetic richness was DBA,and the genetic diversity indexes was DAB.Comparing of genetic diversity among 7 homoeologous,the average genetic richness was 17253=46,and the genetic diversity indexes was 5364217.Cluster analysis showed the genetic similarity coefficient（GS） changed convergence of 0.34-0.85,with an average of 0.61.In the genetic similarity coefficient（GS） 0.59 area,all the cultivars could be cluster into five categories,of which 80% of the species were gathered in the first class.Cultivars of the same region or species breeding units approximately were gathered in one class.These results suggested that the genetic basis of the majority of the 56 wheat varieties was very narrow.