不同氮磷钾配比对冬油菜生长和产量的影响

Effects of Different NPK Ratios on the Growth and Yield of Winter Rapeseed

采用田间小区试验,研究不同氮磷钾配比对湘杂油763生长和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,较高的施氮比例(磷钾施用量一致)和较高的施磷比例(氮钾施用量一致)处理油菜长势较好,表现为干物质积累量、株高、分枝数、根冠比和叶绿素含量都较高,并且每角果粒数和千粒质量也较高,最终产量增加;而施钾比例对产量的影响没有一致的规律;供试12种氮磷钾配比处理中,以m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=1∶0.5∶0.58处理的籽粒产量最高,为1 830 kg/hm2,其次是m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=1∶0.5∶0.88处理,籽粒产量为1 800 kg/hm2,m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=1∶0.4∶1.4处理的籽粒产量最低,为1 350 kg/hm2。产量构成因素中单株有效角果数对产量影响最大,其次是千粒质量,每角粒数对产量影响较小。

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium（NPK） on the growth and yield of Xiangzayou 763.The results showed that,the growth of oilseed rape with the higher nitrogen ratio（the same amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application） and higher phosphorus ratio（the same amount of nitrogen and potassium application） treatments are better,the experiences showed that the dry matter accumulation amount,plant height,branch number,root-shoot ratio and chlorophyll content are higher,1000-seeds weight are higher also,which has been resulted in the yield increased,while the effect of potassium application proportion on the yield of oilseed rape is different.The highest yield appeared in the proportion of m（N）∶m（P2O5）∶m（K2O）=1∶0.5∶0.58 treatment among the twelve tested NPK ratios treatments,and seed number per pod which reached 1 830 kg/hm2,followed by the m（N）∶m（P2O5）∶m（K2O） =1∶0.5∶0.88 treatment,which reached 1 800 kg/hm2,the yield of m（N）∶m（P2O5）∶m（K2O）=1∶0.4∶1.4 treatment is the lowest,which reached 1 350 kg/hm2.The number of effective pod per plant was the most important indexes in the yield component,the next index is 1000-seeds weight,the effect of seeds per pod on the yield of oilseed rape is smaller.