不同药剂和农业措施对油菜菌核病的防治研究

Control Effect of Different Fungicide and Agricultural Measures on the Rape Sclerotinia Stem Rot

通过在陕西关中和陕南不同生态区试验研究,结果表明,多菌灵、戊唑醇、速克灵均可作为防治油菜菌核病的有效药剂,但以速克灵效果最好,防效达到80%以上;其施药期为油菜初花-盛花期,施药次数以2次为宜,间隔7-10 d茎叶面喷施。进行药剂防治的同时,在油菜终花初期采取摘除主茎1-1.2 m以下＂三叶＂措施能进一步提高对菌核病的防病效果,尤其在陕南地区春季多雨、田间湿度大情况下防病效果明显,防病保产效果达到15%以上。采取＂宽窄行＂栽培与常规＂等行距＂栽培模式相比,对菌核病预防效果不明显,但丰产效果显著。推广栽培抗病品种,并结合药剂等关键防治技术对菌核病能起到更好的控制效果。

The research of integrated management of rape stem rot was conducted at three locations in two different ecological regions,Guanzhong and Hanzhong,in Shaanxi province.All fungicides used in this study were effective on controlling Sclerotia Sclerotium,excepted thiophanate methyl.Procymidone which showed the highest control efficiency among fungicides used in this study was applied two times on the stem from initial blossom stage to full blossom stage with seven to ten days interval.Simultaneously,removing leaves from stem from ground to 1.2 m height increased the yield over 15%,especially in the area with high humidity or with drippy weather in spring.＂Unequal row space＂ cultivation mode was more efficient on increasing yield compared with ＂uniform row space＂ mode,although it could not enhance the disease control efficiency.Combining extension of planting disease-resistant cultivar,chemical control and farming measures was recommended to control rape stem rot.