摘要
针对气凝胶在航空航天领域的应用需求,为了进一步拓展单一密度气凝胶的应用范围,对密度梯度SiO2气凝胶的制备进行了研究。采用自建密度梯度制备成型装置,以正硅酸乙酯为有机硅源,经溶胶共凝工艺,结合CO2超临界干燥技术,获得密度范围在60~160mg/cm3的准连续密度梯度SiO2气凝胶。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线相衬成像等手段对制备获得的SiO2气凝胶进行测试表征。通过与逐层凝胶法制备的密度渐变SiO2气凝胶进行对比发现,溶胶共凝工艺消除了层间界面处所产生的致密层和密度突变,有利于相邻两层间的互扩散,使密度变化更趋于连续。采用该法制备的密度梯度气凝胶拓展了常规气凝胶的应用范围,在声阻抗匹配和空间粒子捕获等领域有潜在的应用前景。
For the application requirement in aerospace and further expanding the application field of aerogel, the fabrication of gradient density aerogel SiO2 has been researched in this paper. By a self-built device, a continuously graded silica aerogel is fabricated via special sol-co-gelation techniques, with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the organic precursor and by a supercritical drying process. Its density ranges from 60 mg/cm^3 to 160 mg/cm^3. Scan electron microscope, X-ray phase contrast method and optical microscopy are used to characterize the graded density silica aerogel prepared. Compared with the graded density silica aerogel produced by layer-by-layer gelation techniques, the sol-co-gelation techniques smooth out density mutation and increase the interdiffusion between adjacent layers, which makes density change tend to be more continuous. The gradient density aerogel fabricated by such a method expands greatly the application of conditional aerogel. It can potentially be used in many fields such as acoustic impedance matching and interstellar particles collection.
出处
《航空学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期941-947,共7页
Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金(50802064)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20090072110047)
上海市科委纳米专项(0952nm00900)
关键词
溶胶共凝
准连续气凝胶
密度梯度
逐层凝胶
互扩散
sol-co-gelation
continuous aerogel
graded density
layer-by-layer gelation
interdiffusion