灵魂:道德实践主体的建立

Soul:Moral Practice Suject in its Establishment

古希腊的道德哲学到希腊化时期的斯多亚学派达到顶峰,但其肇端却在苏格拉底,因为苏格拉底的灵魂理论确立了道德实践的真正主体。荷马史诗中的灵魂还不是人的真实自我,奥尔菲教的灵魂为苏格拉底提供了精神方向。苏格拉底认为灵魂的本质是理性,理性灵魂是人的真实自我,是一种独立的精神实体,也是道德实践的真正主体,从而为古代希腊理性主义道德哲学的完成奠定了基础。

The moral metaphysics of Greek reaches its perfection in Stoics, but its beginning is Socrates, because the idea of the Soul of Socrates established a true subject of moral practice. The soul in Homer is not yet human＇s true self, Orphee＇s idea of Soul gives a new orintation. Socrates insisted that the essence of the Soul is reason, is human＇s true self and subject of moral practice. Socrates is the founder of moral metaphysics of ancient Greece.