出口与劳动力市场“错配”——江苏制造业的证据

Export and "Mismatch" in the Labor Market:An Empirical Analysis of Jiangsu's Manufacturing Industry

文章把异于传统劳动力市场、在中国最典型的"高技能劳动过剩与低技能劳动短缺"现象称为中国式劳动力市场"错配",认为全球分工体系中发展中国家与发达国家以产品贸易表现的就业互换是导致发展中国家劳动力市场出现"错配"的重要原因。采用企业层面微观数据进行的实证分析表明,企业销售额中用于出口的比重、出口到发达国家的比重越大,企业对技能员工的需求和雇佣就越少。此实证结果可能说明,中国式劳动力市场"错配"是由过度参与全球分工体系导致的,过度贸易自由化导致劳动力市场困境。但这并非简单意味减少企业国际贸易、拓展国内市场就可以有效增加技能员工需求、解决高校毕业生就业难问题,促进经济发展方式由供给推动向需求拉动转变,促使企业更多以消费者需求为导向才是治本之策。

There is a typical co-existence of ＂skilled labor surplus and unskilled labor shortages＂ in China, which is different from the traditional labor market, and which is named as the Chinese-style labor market ＂mismatch＂ . The employment exchange between developing countries and developed countries in the form of product trade is due to the ＂mismatch＂ of labor markets in developing countries. On this basis, the paper uses the micro data at the enterprise level to analyze and confirm that the larger the share of exports to developed countries in enterprises＇ sales is, the less their demand for skilled employees will be. The empirical result shows that the Chinese-style labor market ＂mismatch＂ is due to over-involvement in the network of global division of labor. But this conclusion does not simply say that to allow enterprises to reduce international trade and to expand the domestic market can effectively increase the demand for skilled workers. It suggests that the economic growth driven by a supply push to a demand pull is a fundamental policy issue.