食品国际贸易的官方标准与私营标准——兼论与SPS协议的关系

Public and Private Standards in International Food Trade and their Relationship with the SPS Agreement

食品安全是食品贸易中的焦点问题,受到发达国家官方标准和私营标准的共同关注。文章从官方标准和私营标准的内涵出发,阐述了二者的发展趋势及相互关系,分析了用于约束官方标准的SPS协议的主要原则及私营标准与SPS协议的冲突之处。研究发现,发达国家食品安全的官方标准和私营标准均越来越严格,私营标准比官方标准更为广泛和严格,私营标准尚不受SPS协议约束,且在科学依据、透明度、等效性等方面违背了SPS协议的原则。

Food safety is the focus of both public standards and private standards. This study discusses the concept and development trends of both standards, and analyzes their relationship with the SPS Agreement. It indicates that the public and private standards are becoming more stringent in developed countries, and in particular, the private food standards are more extensive and rigorous than the public food standards, which will have a tremendous impact on the food trade of developing countries. It is not yet clear whether or not the private standards would be affected by the SPS Agreement. Hence, the government, industries associations, organizations and enterprises should take active actions against the challenge brought by the foreign public and private standards.