掌骨、近节指骨骨髓腔的测量及其意义

Measurement and analysis of the medullary cavity of metacarpal and proximal phalanx

目的 :测量掌、指骨骨髓腔长度 ,观察髓腔形状及变化 ,为掌指关节假体的设计及改进提供参考数据。方法 :2 0只手标本随机分为两组。 10只手从干骺端开始每隔 10mm进行横切 ,测量髓腔的冠状径及矢状径 ;其余纵切 ,测量髓腔长度及髓腔最狭窄处。拍摄 2 0只手标本X光片。测量Swanson假体柄及绞链区长度及宽度。结果 :掌骨骨髓腔形状男女及左右手无差别 ,髓腔长度大约为其全长的 3 /5 ,髓腔的狭窄段在全长中点近侧约 5～ 10mm处。指骨髓腔呈“喇叭型” ,长度同指骨无明显的比例关系。X光片测量结果基本同实际解剖测量相同。Swanson假体两端柄长度约为髓腔长度的 2 /3。绞链区长度稍小于1/2干骺端至掌骨头长度。结论 :掌指骨髓腔在中间较窄 ,两侧较宽 ,存在约 5～ 10mm的狭窄段。中间段髓腔形状五指各不相同。为设计国人掌指关节假体及改进Swanson硅胶假体提供参考数据 。

The morphologic parameter of the medullary cavity of metacarpal and proximal phalanx was measured to provide basic data for the design and improvement of the metacarpophalangeal joint prosthesis.Methods:20 hand specimens were divided into two groups with 10 hand in each.One group was sliced transversely at an interval of 10 mm to measure its sgaittal and frontal diameters.The other group was cut longitudinally in the sagittal or frontal planes to measure its length and define its most stenotic site.Results:The length of the metacarpal medullary cavity accounted for about 3/5 of the total bone,ant its most stenotic sit was in the proximal half,5-10 mm to the midpoint of the bone.The medullary cavity of the phalanx was like a “trumpet” in shape and had no constant ratio between the length of the medullary cavity and the total bone. Conclusions:The data collected here should be useful in establishing practical guidelines for the design and improvement of Swanson silicone implant