耕地保护经济合理性的理论模型与识别标准

A Theoretical Model of Economic Feasibility Analysis for Cultivated Land Conservation and Identification Standards

耕地保护是国家可持续发展的基本前提和重要基础。耕地保护经济合理性分析关注耕地保护和耕地向其他用地转换后的经济效益上的差别,从而区别于传统意义上的耕地数量、质量、权属和生态环境等的保护。经济合理地保护耕地是一项庞大的系统工程,耕地保护中相关各方因土地收益流转而紧密相连,任何一方收益的变化都将引起其他各方的连锁反应。在耕地保护相关方与土地收益流转分析的基础上,阐述耕地保护经济合理性理论依据,设定耕地保护经济合理性收益标准和成本标准,以柯布—道格拉斯生产函数为例,推导出农用地收益转换边际的理论模型,尝试寻求经济合理地保护耕地的可行之道,即确立农民耕地保护主体地位,引导农村集体经济组织正确的耕地保护行为,设计地方政府土地财政合理出路,挤压土地使用者农用地占用利润空间,强化中央政府耕地保护经济手段,以明确责任,界定权利,统筹兼顾,标本兼治。最后,明确了耕地保护经济合理性分析未来研究方向。

Cultivated land conservation is an important basis of sustainable development.Different from traditional research,economic feasibility analysis for cultivated land conservation focuses on the differences in economic benefits between from cultivated land conservation and from cultivated land used for other purposes.Conserving cultivated land in an economical manner is a complex system,which is related to benefits of every stakeholder involved in land circulation and will build a chain of reaction if anyone changes.Based on analysis of related parties in cultivated land conservation and the income from land circulation,we fixed stakeholders’ positions in cultivated land protection,and evaluated effects of cultivated land protection of stakeholders.A theoretical model of economic feasibility analysis for cultivated land conservation was designed to set up the standard of feasible benefits and costs from cultivated land conservation and to evaluate economic feasibility for cultivated land conservation.In addition,we put forward methods of economic rationality of the cultivated land transferred into the lands for construction.On the one hand,these methods seem to enhance the charge standard of annual production value from cultivated lands which will be requisitioned on the basis of theoretical maximum net benefits of cultivated land,to contain behaviors of occupying agricultural land or cultivated land for construction.On the other hand,they account for the proportional relations of cultivated land conversion revenue and theoretical or present maximum net benefits of cultivated land under the condition of land use differences,industry differences,and urban and rural differences.The diversity of the conversion degree of cultivated land between both in different proportional relations was analyzed.Based on scenarios analysis,the deserved subsidy or compensation of people who protect cultivated land in certain proportional relations of cultivated land conversion revenue and theoretical or present maximum net benefits of cultivated land was calculated.For example,the Douglas production function is used to deduce theoretical calculation methods of conversion margin.To conserve cultivated lands economically,the first step is to endow the farmer with the subjective status of cultivated land conservation.This study would be helpful for guiding the rural collective to have the right protection behavior of cultivated land conservation,designing a reasonable way of land finance for the local government,compressing the space of enterprises’ profits of occupying agricultural land,and strengthening economic methods of cultivated land conservation by the government.Finally,future direction of improving economic feasibility analysis for cultivated land conservation is stated