不同施肥条件下覆膜对玉米干物质积累及吸磷量的影响

Effect of plastic film mulching on dry mass accumulation and phosphorus uptake of corn receiving different fertilizers

为了探明覆膜对不同施肥条件下玉米生长及磷素吸收的影响,采用田间试验法,研究了覆膜对不同施肥条件下玉米全生育期干物质积累、地上部磷含量、吸磷量、磷分配以及磷收获指数的影响。结果表明:1)覆膜处理能够显著增加玉米不同生育期地上部干重,其中苗期和拔节期玉米地上部干重增加幅度最大,达24.9%～126.3%。覆膜对单施磷肥条件下玉米苗期生长的促进作用较明显,而生长后期则对氮、磷、钾配施条件下的促进作用较明显。2)覆膜处理显著提高玉米生长前期,尤其是苗期地上部含磷量、磷素累积量,且单施磷肥处理效果强于其他施肥处理;覆膜后,单施磷肥处理玉米苗期地上部含磷量、磷素累积量分别较不覆膜增加56.3%和253.0%。覆膜对不同施肥条件下玉米磷素收获指数影响不显著。

In order to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching（PFM） on maize growth and phosphorus uptake,effects of PFM were studied on dry mass accumulation,phosphorus content,phosphorus uptake,phosphorus distribution,and phosphorus harvest index of corn receiving different fertilizers in field condition.The results were presented as follows： 1） PFM could significantly increase the dry mass of corn at different growth stage.The largest percentage of dry mass occurred at seedling and jointing stages of corn with the values of 24.9%-126.3%.At the seedling stage,dry mass of corn was more strongly increased by PFM,with the application of just phosphorus fertilizer than with the application of phosphorus and potassium,or nitrogen,and potassium fertilizers at the same time.2） PFM could also significantly increase the phosphorus content,phosphorus accumulation of above part of corn,and its effect is stronger at the early growth stage of corn than that at the late growth stage.At the presence of PFM,the content of phosphorus,and accumulation of phosphorus of corn are higher at the treatment of P than those at other treatments such as CK,PK,and NPK.The content of phosphorus and accumulation of phosphorus of corn were increased by 56.3% and 253.0%,respectively,at the treatment of phosphorus fertilizer and PFM.PFM has no significant effects on phosphorus transferring rate of corn.