不同硼肥对油菜产量和品质的影响及其在油稻轮作中的后效

Effect of different boron fertilizers on seed yield and seed quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and their residual effectiveness for rotated rice

通过盆栽土培和田间试验,研究两种具有缓释特性的硼肥Etibor-48(Na2B4O7.5H2O,EB)和Colemanite(Ca2B6O11.5H2O,CB)对油菜产量和品质的影响及其在油稻轮作中的后效。盆栽试验结果表明,EB和CB各处理第一季油菜产量显著高于不施硼处理(-B),与硼砂处理(B)比较也有较大提高;安徽广德田间试验结果与盆栽试验结果一致。第二季水稻,盆栽试验各施硼处理产量均有不同程度的增加,但田间试验点,安徽广德和湖北荆州各施硼处理水稻产量与不施硼处理没有显著差异。盆栽试验第三季油菜各处理产量较第一季显著降低;各施硼处理产量无显著差异,但均显著高于不施硼处理。安徽田间试验EB和CB处理第三季油菜子产量仍显著高于不施硼处理,其中CB处理产量最高;而裂区试验,第三季各施硼处理产量没有显著差异,较相对应的不施硼处理油菜子产量均有增加。湖北和安徽田间试验结果并不完全一致,与湖北荆州试验点土壤有效硼含量较高有关。缺硼土壤施硼能够提高油菜产量并改善油菜品质,但对水稻品质影响不大。研究结果能够为长江中下游地区油稻轮作系统中不同硼肥的合理高效施用提供依据。

The effects of two kinds of boron（B） slow-release fertilizers,Etibor-48（EB;Na2B4O7·5H2O） and Colemanite（CB;Ca2B6O11·5H2O）,on seed yield and seed quality of oilseed rape（Brassica napus） and their residual effectiveness for rotated rice were investigated in pot culture experiments and field trials,respectively.Seed yield of oilseed rape in the EB and CB treatments was significantly higher than that in the absence of boron（-B）,and higher than that of borax treatment（B） for the first crop.Field trial results of the first crop（oilseed rape） in Anhui province,China,were consistent with those of the pot culture experiments.Grain yield of the second crop（rice） in all B fertilizer treatments was slightly higher than that of the-B treatment in the pot culture experiment;however,there was no significant difference in seed yield between the B application treatments（EB and CB） and-B treatment in field trials in both Anhui and Hubei provinces.Pot culture experiments indicated that seed yield of the third crop（oilseed rape） was significantly lower than that of the first crop.In addition,there was no significant difference in seed yield of oilseed rape among the B fertilizer treatments,but seed yield in these treatments was significantly higher than that of the-B treatment.Seed yield of the third crop of oilseed rape in both B application treatments was also higher than that of the-B treatment and CB achieved the highest seed yield in field trials in Anhui province.Split plot experiments in Anhui province indicated that seed yield of oilseed rape in all B application treatments was slightly higher than that of each corresponding-B treatment for the third crop,and there was no significant difference in seed yield among the B application treatments.Residual effectiveness in the field trials conducted in Anhui and Hubei were not consistent,which could be attributed to a higher soil-available B content in the Hubei experimental plot than that in Anhui.For B-deficient soils,B application can not only increase seed yield,but also improve seed quality of oilseed rape,whereas B application had little effect on grain quality of rice.These results will be helpful to optimize management of B in oilseed rape-rice crop rotation systems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.