基于RS和GIS的天津城市景观格局演变分析

RS/GIS-Based Analysis of Landscape Pattern Evolution in Tianjin City

选取天津市区及周边的北辰区、西青区、津南区、东丽区为研究对象,利用1993年和2001年的30 m分辨率的TM遥感影像,在ArcGIS 9.3的支持下,通过计算景观格局指数的方法分析了研究区域的景观结构及其演变特征。结果表明:①景观总体构成比例变化较大,各类景观组分面积百分比随时间推移呈现不同程度的增减。耕地面积减少,比例由32.7%降至29.2%,下降了3.5%;绿地面积减少,比例由27.4%降至20.4%;水域面积减少,比例由26.1%降至23.7%;建设用地面积增加,取代了耕地的优势景观地位,比例由13.8%增至26.8%。②到2001年,研究区景观斑块总数达99 366块,比1993年的52 832块多出近一倍。③城市化水平提高和人为干扰强度增大导致景观多样性指数呈上升趋势,破碎化程度加强。通过对天津市城市景观结构动态变化的分析,可更好地认识城市的空间结构特征及其各要素的演变趋势,合理规划城市格局和土地利用方式,促进经济、社会和生态环境的良性发展。

Taking the downtown area of Tianjin City and Beichen District,Xiqing District,Jinnan District and Dongli District in its neighborhood as the study area,TM remote sensing images（with a resolution ratio of 30 m） of 1993 and 2001 were utilized to analyze landscape structures and evolution characteristics of the study area by calculating its landscape pattern indexes with the help of ArcGIS9.3.The results showed that： A.Ratios of landscape components changed greatly,area ratio of each landscape component varied in different degrees.Area of farmland decreased from 32.7% to 29.2%;area of green spaces decreased from 27.4% to 20.4%;water area decreased from 26.1% to 23.7%;building land area increased from 13.8% to 26.8%,and replaced the dominant status of farmland.B.There were 99 366 landscape patches in the study area by 2001,which was almost two times more than the 52 832 landscape patches in 1993.C.Urbanization and increasing human interventions led to the increase of landscape diversity indexes,and the aggravated fragmentation.Through analyzing the dynamic changes of urban landscape structures in Tianjin City,evolution trend of the structural characteristics of urban spaces and its factors can be better understood,city pattern and land use properly planned,benign development of economy,society and eco-environment realized.