自然审美观的变迁对中国传统园林风格形成的影响

Effect of Change of Natural Aesthetic View on Formation of Chinese Traditional Garden Style

探究了自然审美观的渊源,阐述了"天人合一"的宇宙观在其形成过程中所产生的重大意义,综合了多家学派关于"天人合一"的补充和深化,指出自然审美观最终使得中国传统园林以"意境美"作为其鲜明的美学特色。从历史发展的角度纵观中国传统自然审美观的变迁,分析了其在萌芽期、形成期、发展变迁期的主要内容和特色,强调了每个时期的特色都是在继承前一时期自然审美意识的基础上形成的,在此基础上进一步结合传统园林的发展,分析了自然审美观的变迁对园林的影响,并相应地将园林发展分为园林的形成期、自然山水园的出现、写意山水园的出现3个时期,始终强调自然审美观在其中所发挥的重要意义,启示中国现代风景园林和景观设计应以中国传统的自然审美观为基础,结合现代城市居民的审美变化,将中国传统自然审美观发扬光大。

The paper had studied the source of natural aesthetic view,discussed the great significance of world view of ＂unity between heaven and human＂,concluded the complement and deepening of ＂unity between heaven and human＂ by different schools,and proposed that artistic beauty was the distinctive feature of Chinese traditional garden.From the perspective of historical development,it had made a general survey of the change of Chinese traditional natural aesthetic view,analyzed main content and characteristics of it at the generating stage,forming stage and development stage,and emphasized that characteristics of each stage formed on the basis of natural aesthetic consciousness of last stage.Based on this,by combining the development of traditional gardens,effect of change of natural aesthetic view on gardens had been analyzed,and correspondingly,development of gardens had been divided into three stages which were forming stage,emergence of natural landscape garden and emergence of artistic landscape garden.It highlighted the great significance of natural aesthetic view in gardens,and inspired that Chinese modern landscape garden and landscape design should be based on natural aesthetic view,combine with change of modern citizens＇ aesthetic view,and then carry forward Chinese traditional natural aesthetic view.