垂直潜流湿地对生活污水的净化效能研究

Study on Purification Efficiency of Vertical Flow Wetlands on Domestic Wastewater

采取间歇式进水和垂直潜流湿地结合的方法处理实际生活污水,构建了4个人工湿地,即菖蒲湿地、芦苇湿地、混栽湿地(菖蒲和芦苇)及空白对照湿地,针对不同水力停留时间(HRT)及植物种属进行研究。结果表明:总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除,种植植物的湿地以HRT为7 d处理效果最好,TN和NH4+-N去除率最高分别达到99.60%和99.58%。空白湿地中,TN去除率以HRT为6 d和NH4+-N去除率以HRT为5 d为最好,最高分别达到87.90%、91.80%。对总磷(TP)的去除,4个湿地均以HRT为6 d为最佳,去除率均高于93.00%。通过对不同植物的研究,发现植物床对氮的去除效果优于空白湿地,芦苇湿地和混栽湿地的处理效果均优于菖蒲湿地。

The combination method of intermittent influent and vertical flow wetlands（VFW） was used in the test to treat the domestic wastewater.Four artificial wetlands including Typha latifolia wetland,Phragmites australis（P.H.） wetland,polyculture wetlands（Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis） and non-vegetation wetland were established in the test.The effects of hydraulic retention time（HRT） and plant species on pollutants removal efficiencies were studied.The results showed that when HRT=7,the treatment efficiencies of wetlands with plants for the removal of TN and NH＋4-N were up to 99.65% and 99.58%,respectively.For the control wetland,TN removal efficiency was up to 87.9% when HRT were 6 days,and NH＋4-N removal efficiency was up to 91.8% when HRT were 5 days.TP removal efficiencies of four wetlands were higher than 93% when HRT was 6 days.Through the studies on different plants,it was found that vegetation wetlands had better nitrogen removal efficiency than non-vegetation wetland.The treatment efficacy of Phragmites australis wetland and polyculture wetland was better than Typha latifolia wetland.