开放式创新:基于价值创新的认知性框架

On Open Innovation: A Cognitive Framework Based on Value Identification, Creation and Appropriation

技术与市场的发展推动着创新资源的全球性分散与流动,开放式创新被越来越多的企业运用以实现更大的价值创新,由此也得到了大量学者的关注与研究。学者们通过赋予开放式创新不同的内涵来满足自身研究的需求,却出现了概念具体化的问题,因此有必要建立一个整合性的理论框架来界定开放式创新的内涵与维度。本文基于对ISI数据库中160多篇相关论文的整理与分析,以开放式创新的本质——价值创新为起点与核心,延伸到实现开放式创新的价值识别、价值创造与价值获取三个维度,建立起一个关于开放式创新的认知性框架。这个认知性框架使我们对开放式创新有一个系统的认识,为进一步的实证研究与理论创新奠定了基础,并促进了关于开放式商业模式以及开放式创新下组织变革的深入研究。

As more and more companies are opening up their innovation processes and combine internally and externally developed technologies and market paths to create business value, open innovation, which was first proposed by Prof. Chesbrough, has quickly gained the interest of many researchers. In much of the management-related research on open innovation, scholars have used this construct in a highly reified manner. As a result, it is necessary to conduct a literature review to develop a deeper understanding of open innovation and its openness. Based on a bibliographic analysis of 161 papers on the topic published in ISI data base, we propose a cognitive framework for open innovation. We begin by clarifying the essence of open innovation, i.e. inter-organizational value innovation based on the flow and re-allocation of distributed innovative resources. Then we go deep into the meaning of openness based on three dimensions of open innovation, including value identification, value creation, and value appropriation. For value identification, the openness means escaping from the traditional way to identify new value creating opportunities based on cross-boundary resource flows, and taking endogenous and exogenous factors into consid- eration for decision making. For value creation, the openness is embedded in the novel organization models supported by advanced IT technologies and process management. For value appropriation, the openness is illustrated by that more attention should be paid to achieving an industrial position with an architectural advantage and making use of formal and informal appropriability regime strategi cally. Taken together, these three dimensions suggest the outline of a theory of open innovation with the core of ＂value innovation＂. This cognitive framework deepens our understanding of open in novation and its openness. It is expected to induce more empirical researches about open innovation. Further, it may help us to explain the anomalies emerging in the business world and promote theory improvement. It could also provide a foundation for researches on open business model design and organizational change in the context of open innovation.